| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Mendocino County GMO Ban ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Mendocino County GMO Ban
Mendocino County, California, was the first jurisdiction in the United States to ban the cultivation, production or distribution of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).〔Lau, Edie, & Mike Lee. ("California county breaks ground with biotech ban." ) ''Daily Herald'' (Provo, UT). March 8, 2004.〕 The ordinance, entitled Measure H, was passed by referendum on March 2, 2004. Initiated by the group "GMO Free Mendocino", the campaign was a highly publicized grassroots effort by local farmers and environmental groups who contend that the potential risks of GMOs to human health and the ecosystem have not yet been fully understood.〔Walsh-Dilley, M. (2008). Localizing Control: Mendocino county and the ban on GMOs.
Agricultural Human Values, 26, 95-105〕 The measure was met with opposition by several interest groups representing the biotechnology industry, The California Plant Health Association (now the Western Plant Health Association) and CropLife America, a Washington-based consortium whose clients represent some of the largest food distributors in the nation, including Monsanto, DuPont and Dow Chemical.〔Walsh-Dilley〕 Since the enactment of the ordinance, Mendocino County has been added to an international list of "GMO free zones."〔Meyer, H. (2007). GMO-free regions manual: Case studies from around the world. IFOAM, 23-29. http://shop.ifoam.org/bookstore/download_preview/Intro_GMO_free_manual.pdf〕 Pre-emptive statutes banning local municipalities from such ordinances have now become widespread with adoption in sixteen states.〔Bailey, B. (2005, April). Consigning citizens to mere spectators. Rural Vermont Farm Policy Network News, 29. Retrieved March 7, 2011, from Environmental Commons. http://environmentalcommons.org/preemption-undemocratic.html〕
== Background ==
GMOs are commonly considered to be any organism whose DNA has been modified by human intervention. Agricultural practices, however, have long used selective breeding techniques for the same purpose as modern biotechnology.〔Snow, A.A., Andow, D.A., Gepts, P., Hallerman, E.M., Power, A., Tiedje, J.M. & Wolfenbarger, L.L. (2005). ESA report. Genetically engineered organisms and the environment: current status and recommendations. Ecological Applications, 15 (2), 377-404〕 Researchers now define genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) as those that are produced from a range of recombinant DNA technologies, which introduce a transgene into the genome of a host cell.〔 The most widely practiced method involves the use of bacteria, which are able to penetrate the cell membrane of the host. Other methods include a "gene gun" or "biolistic particle delivery system". Recombinant DNA technology allows for the creation of synthetic genes with specific traits that have anthropogenic benefits. The term GEOs will be used here to describe organisms produced by the recombinant DNA technology commonly referred to by usage of the term GMOs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Mendocino County GMO Ban」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|